Total tracked
54
legislative instruments
Fully in force
11
directly applicable
Transposition
17
MS implementing now
Phased / entering
26
rolling out 2025–2027
Laws by domain
Work-Life Balance Directive
Directive (EU) 2019/1158 on work-life balance for parents and carers
Establishes minimum rights: 10 days paternity leave at sick pay level; 4 months parental leave (2 non-transferable); 5 days carers' leave. Flexible working rights.
Digital Markets Act
Regulation (EU) 2022/1925 on contestable and fair markets in the digital sector (Digital Markets Act)
Regulates gatekeepers (Alphabet, Apple, Meta, Microsoft, Amazon, ByteDance). Ongoing enforcement with multi-billion euro fines for non-compliance.
Act in Support of Ammunition Production
Regulation (EU) 2023/2052 supporting ammunition production (ASAP)
€500M to ramp up EU ammunition production capacity, particularly artillery shells. Directly linked to Ukraine replenishment commitments.
EU Chips Act
Regulation (EU) 2023/1781 establishing a framework for semiconductor measures (Chips Act)
€43B investment framework targeting 20% global semiconductor market share by 2030. Includes monitoring of supply chain and crisis mechanism.
EDIRPA
Regulation (EU) 2023/2418 establishing the instrument for the reinforcement of the European defence industry (EDIRPA)
€500M instrument to incentivise joint procurement of defence products by member states. First-ever EU instrument using the common budget for defence procurement.
Whistleblower Protection Directive
Directive (EU) 2019/1937 on the protection of persons who report breaches of Union law (Whistleblower Protection Directive)
Mandates internal and external reporting channels in organisations >50 employees. Protects reporters from retaliation. Many member states behind on implementation.
ReFuelEU Aviation
Regulation (EU) 2023/2405 on ensuring a level playing field for sustainable aviation fuel (ReFuelEU)
Mandates increasing minimum SAF (Sustainable Aviation Fuel) blending at EU airports. 2% SAF from 2025, rising to 70% by 2050.
Pillar 2 Global Minimum Tax Directive
Directive (EU) 2022/2523 on ensuring a global minimum level of taxation for MNE groups (Pillar 2 / GloBE)
EU implementation of OECD/G20 Pillar 2: 15% global minimum effective tax rate for MNE groups with revenue >€750M. Income Inclusion Rule (IIR) and Undertaxed Profits Rule (UTPR).
European Hydrogen Bank
Delegated Regulation on European Hydrogen Bank auctions under the Innovation Fund
First EU mechanism to directly subsidise production of renewable hydrogen. Second auction round (€3B) underway in 2026.
Digital Services Act
Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 on a Single Market for Digital Services (Digital Services Act)
Content moderation and transparency obligations for online platforms. VLOPs (Very Large Online Platforms) subject to systemic risk assessments.
Critical Raw Materials Act
Regulation (EU) on supply chain due diligence for critical raw materials (CRM Act)
10% domestic extraction, 40% processing, 25% recycling targets for strategic raw materials by 2030. Monitors supply chain concentration risks.
Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation
Regulation (EU) 2024/1781 establishing a framework for setting ecodesign requirements (Ecodesign for Sustainable Products)
Replaces the 2009 Ecodesign Directive. Extends ecodesign requirements beyond energy products to virtually all physical goods. Introduces the Digital Product Passport.
Nature Restoration Regulation
Regulation (EU) 2024/1991 on nature restoration
First ever EU-wide law on restoring nature. 20% of EU land and sea ecosystems in good condition by 2030, rising to 90% by 2050.
NIS2 Directive
Directive (EU) 2022/2555 on measures for a high common level of cybersecurity across the Union (NIS2)
Replaces NIS1. Expands scope to 18 critical sectors (energy, transport, health, digital infrastructure). Stricter incident reporting (24h initial; 72h full). €10M or 2% global turnover fines.
Critical Entities Resilience Directive
Directive (EU) 2022/2557 on the resilience of critical entities (CER Directive)
Replaces Critical Infrastructure Directive (2008). Expands to 11 sectors. Requires risk assessments, resilience plans, incident reporting, and background checks.
Cyber Solidarity Act
Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 on cybersecurity solidarity (Cyber Solidarity Act)
Establishes European Cyber Shield (SOC network) and Cybersecurity Emergency Mechanism for mutual assistance between member states.
Adequate Minimum Wages Directive
Directive (EU) 2022/2041 on adequate minimum wages in the European Union
Requires member states to ensure statutory minimum wages are adequate using defined criteria, and promote collective bargaining coverage where below 80%.
European Accessibility Act
Directive (EU) 2019/882 on the accessibility requirements for products and services (European Accessibility Act)
Harmonises accessibility requirements for products and services: ATMs, e-commerce, ticketing, banking, e-books, telecoms, media players, computers, smartphones.
European Media Freedom Act
Regulation (EU) 2024/1083 establishing a common framework for media services (European Media Freedom Act)
First EU regulation on media independence. Protects editorial independence, bans surveillance of journalists, requires media ownership transparency.
Data Act
Regulation (EU) 2023/2854 on harmonised rules on fair access to and use of data (Data Act)
Creates new rules on who can use and access data generated in the EU. Covers IoT devices, cloud switching, and government emergency access.
Energy Efficiency Directive 2023
Regulation (EU) 2023/435 amending the Energy Efficiency Directive (EED 2023)
Sets binding 11.7% energy consumption reduction target for the EU by 2030. Includes data centre energy reporting (Article 12).
Renewable Energy Directive III (RED III)
Directive (EU) 2023/2413 amending the Renewable Energy Directive (RED III)
Raises EU renewable energy target to 42.5% by 2030 (indicative 45%). Accelerates permitting, expands renewable hydrogen rules, and sets sub-targets for heat and transport.
EU Deforestation Regulation
Regulation (EU) 2023/1115 on deforestation-free products (EUDR)
Bans sale in the EU of cattle, cocoa, coffee, palm oil, soya, wood, rubber and derived products linked to post-2020 deforestation. Due diligence statements required.
Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism
Regulation (EU) 2023/956 establishing a carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM)
World-first carbon border tax on imports of cement, steel, aluminium, fertilisers, electricity and hydrogen. Full CBAM from January 2026, replacing transitional reporting phase.
Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive
Directive (EU) 2022/2464 on corporate sustainability reporting (CSRD)
Replaces NFRD. Requires detailed ESG reporting under European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS). Wave 2 companies report from 2026 (FY2025 data).
DAC8 — Crypto Tax Reporting
Directive (EU) 2023/2226 amending Directive on administrative cooperation in taxation (DAC8)
Extends EU automatic exchange of tax information to crypto-asset transactions. CASPs must report users' crypto transactions to national tax authorities, shared EU-wide.
EU Batteries Regulation
Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 concerning batteries and waste batteries (Batteries Regulation)
Replaces the 2006 Batteries Directive. Sets carbon footprint declarations, minimum recycled content, due diligence, and digital battery passport requirements.
Net-Zero Industry Act
Regulation (EU) 2024/1735 on establishing a framework for manufacturing of net-zero technologies (NZIA)
40% domestic manufacturing target by 2030 for strategic net-zero technologies: solar, wind, batteries, heat pumps, electrolysers, CCS, nuclear, and grid tech.
MiFID II Retail Investment Review
Directive (EU) amending MiFID II — retail investment package
Enhances retail investor protection. Restricts inducements, introduces best-interest standard, and overhauls cost disclosure.
AIFMD II
Directive (EU) 2024/927 amending UCITS and AIFMD (AIFMD II)
Updates Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive. Regulates loan originating funds, strengthens delegation rules, and harmonises liquidity management tools.
EDIP
Regulation (EU) 2025/xxx establishing the European Defence Industry Programme (EDIP)
€1.5B programme for 2025-2027 to support joint defence procurement and EU defence industrial base. Bridge instrument until Defence Fund post-2027.
Anti-SLAPP Directive
Directive (EU) 2024/1069 on protecting persons engaged in public participation from abusive court proceedings (Anti-SLAPP)
Protects journalists, activists and civil society from abusive strategic lawsuits designed to silence them. Early dismissal mechanism in civil proceedings.
Electricity Market Reform
Regulation (EU) 2024/1747 reforming electricity market design (EMR)
Restructures EU electricity market to better reflect high share of renewables. Introduces two-way CfDs, PPAs, and demand response frameworks.
Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD)
Directive (EU) 2024/1275 on the energy performance of buildings (EPBD Recast)
Most ambitious update to building energy rules. All new buildings zero-emission from 2030; residential buildings must reach minimum energy class by 2033 (EPC E) and 2030 (non-residential).
Pay Transparency Directive
Directive (EU) 2023/970 to strengthen the application of the principle of equal pay for equal work (Pay Transparency Directive)
Employers must disclose pay information, report gender pay gaps, and conduct joint pay assessments where the gap exceeds 5%. Job applicants have right to know salary range before interview.
Eurodac Recast
Regulation (EU) 2024/1358 on the Eurodac database (Eurodac Recast)
Modernises EU fingerprint database for asylum seekers. Expands to include third-country nationals and stateless persons. Part of the Pact on Migration and Asylum.
Screening Regulation
Regulation (EU) 2024/1356 on screening of third-country nationals at external borders
Creates a pre-entry screening procedure (max 7 days) for all irregular arrivals and those applying at the border. Part of Pact implementation.
Asylum Procedures Regulation
Regulation (EU) 2024/1348 on a common procedure for international protection (APR)
Replaces the Asylum Procedures Directive. Harmonises asylum procedure rules, border procedures, and introduces accelerated procedures for safe country nationals.
Asylum & Migration Management Regulation
Regulation (EU) 2024/1351 on asylum and migration management (RAMM)
The core solidarity mechanism of the New Pact. Replaces Dublin III. Introduces mandatory solidarity: member states choose between relocation, financial contributions or operational support.
SFDR Review
Regulation (EU) amending SFDR — sustainable finance disclosure review
Revamps the Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation. Moves from Article 6/8/9 classification to product categorisation system (sustainability and transition categories).
AI Liability Directive
Directive (EU) on adapting non-contractual civil liability rules to AI (AI Liability Directive)
Establishes fault-based liability regime for AI-caused damages. Introduces rebuttable presumption of causality and disclosure obligation for high-risk AI.
Euro 7
Regulation (EU) 2024/1257 establishing Euro 7 emission standards for motor vehicles
New emission standards for cars, vans, trucks and buses. Weakened vs original proposal after EPP-ECR-Patriots push. Covers particulates from brakes and tyres.
EU AI Act
Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (AI Act)
World-first comprehensive AI regulation. Risk-based framework: prohibited practices banned from Feb 2025; GPAI model rules from Aug 2025; high-risk AI rules from Aug 2026.
Platform Work Directive
Regulation (EU) on platform work (Platform Economy Directive)
Establishes presumption of employment for platform workers. Covers Uber, Deliveroo, Bolt and similar gig economy platforms. Legal presumption reversal on platforms.
Women on Boards Directive
Directive (EU) 2022/2381 on improving the gender balance among directors of listed companies (Women on Boards Directive)
Listed companies must achieve 40% of the under-represented sex among non-executive directors, or 33% of all directors, by June 2026. Process-based approach with binding targets.
EU ETS Reform / ETS2
Directive (EU) 2023/959 amending EU ETS and introducing ETS2 for buildings and road transport
Major reform of EU Emissions Trading System. Creates ETS2 for buildings and road transport from 2027, strengthens existing ETS with higher reduction targets.
Solvency II Review
Directive (EU) 2025/2 amending Solvency II and the Insurance Recovery and Resolution Directive
Major overhaul of EU insurance capital framework. Long-term investment easing, proportionality for small insurers, new sustainability reporting, and group supervision improvements.
European Health Data Space
Regulation (EU) 2025/327 on the European Health Data Space (EHDS)
Creates the EHDS for cross-border health data sharing and secondary use of health data for research and policy. Electronic health records portability across EU.
Anti-Money Laundering Directive (AML6)
Directive (EU) 2024/1640 on the mechanisms to be put in place by member states for the prevention of the use of the financial system for money laundering (AML6)
Companion directive to the new AML Regulation and the AMLA. Harmonises national supervisory powers, FIU cooperation, and beneficial ownership registers.
EU AML Regulation
Regulation (EU) 2024/1624 on the prevention of the use of the financial system for money laundering (AML Regulation)
First-ever directly applicable EU AML regulation replacing AML Directives for obliged entities. Harmonises CDD, UBO, PEP and high-risk rules across all member states.
Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive
Directive (EU) 2024/1760 on corporate sustainability due diligence (CS3D)
Requires large companies to identify and address adverse human rights and environmental impacts in their supply chains. Phased by company size.
Cyber Resilience Act
Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 on horizontal cybersecurity requirements for products with digital elements (Cyber Resilience Act)
First EU law mandating security-by-design for all hardware and software products placed on the market. Covers IoT devices, operating systems, browsers, routers.
Forced Labour Regulation
Regulation (EU) 2024/3015 on prohibiting products made with forced labour (Forced Labour Regulation)
Bans from the EU market all products made using forced labour anywhere in the supply chain. Competent national authorities and Commission can investigate and withdraw products.
CO₂ Standards for Cars & Vans (2035)
Regulation (EU) 2023/851 strengthening CO₂ standards for cars and vans (2035 ICE ban)
100% CO₂ emission reduction target for new cars and vans from 2035 — effectively banning internal combustion engines for new vehicles.